Papers with Attention mechanisms
Attention is not not Explanation (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Attention mechanisms play a central role in NLP systems, especially within recurrent neural network (RNN) models. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a simple uniform-weights baseline, a variance calibration and a diagnostic framework to determine when/whether attention can be used as explanation in RNN models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tests show that even reliable adversarial distributions don't perform well on the simple diagnostic, indicating that prior work does not disprove the usefulness of attention mechanisms for explainability. |
Bidirectional Masked Self-attention and N-gram Span Attention for Constituency Parsing (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing attention mechanisms for constituency parsing lack directional information needed to form sentence spans. |
| Approach: | They propose a bidirectional masked and N-gram span Attention model which captures the explicit dependencies between each word and enhances the representation of the output span vectors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the Penn Treebank and Chinese Penn TreeBank datasets with F1 scores of 96.47 and 94.15 respectively. |
Rethinking Self-Attention: Towards Interpretability in Neural Parsing (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent work shows that attention mechanisms provide arguably explainable attention distributions that can help to interpret predictions. |
| Approach: | They propose a new self-attention layer where attention heads represent labels. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model obtains state-of-the-art results on the Penn Treebank and Chinese Treebank. |
A Lexicon-Based Supervised Attention Model for Neural Sentiment Analysis (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing attention models do not take full advantage of sentiment lexicons, which provide rich sentiment information and play a critical role in sentiment analysis. |
| Approach: | They propose a lexicon-based supervised attention model which allows a neural network to focus on the sentiment content, thus generating sentiment-informative representations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on three large-scale sentiment classification datasets. |
Answering Legal Questions by Learning Neural Attentive Text Representation (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for retrieval-based question answering are limited by legal documents and long and complicated documents. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-based model for answering legal questions at the article level by learning neural attentive text representation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art retrieval-based methods on an annotated corpus of 5,922 Vietnamese legal questions in terms of recall and NDCG. |
Attention Calibration for Transformer in Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Attention mechanisms have been ubiquitous in neural machine translation (NMT) however, many studies doubt whether highlyattended inputs have a large impact on the model outputs. |
| Approach: | They propose to introduce a mask perturbation model that automatically evaluates each input’s contribution to the model outputs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is more uniform at lower layers while more concentrated on the specific inputs at higher layers. |
Using a Penalty-based Loss Re-estimation Method to Improve Implicit Discourse Relation Classification (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | inessential words are unintentionally misjudged as attention-worthy words and assigned heavier attention weights than should be. |
| Approach: | They propose a penalty-based method to regulate the attention learning process by integrating penalty coefficients into the computation of loss by means of overstability of attention weight distributions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on the Penn Discourse TreeBank corpus and is competitive compared to the state-of-the-art methods. |
Adaptively Sparse Transformers (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent architectures, notably the Transformer, learn powerful context-aware word representations through layered, multi-headed attention. |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptively sparse Transformer where attention heads have flexible, context-dependent sparsity patterns. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves interpretability and head diversity when compared to softmax-based models on machine translation datasets. |
Is Attention Interpretable? (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Attention mechanisms have recently boosted performance on a range of NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to manipulate attention weights in text classification models and analyze the resulting differences in their predictions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves models' predictions by using gradient-based rankings of attention weights. |
Multi-grained Attention with Object-level Grounding for Visual Question Answering (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Current approaches to visual question answering train attention models from coarse-grained associations between sentences and images, which fail on small objects or uncommon concepts. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-grained attention method that learns explicit word-object correspondence by word-level attention complementary to the sentence-image association. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves competitive performance with state-of-the-art models on the VQA benchmark. |
Attention is not Explanation (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Attention mechanisms have seen wide adoption in neural NLP models. |
| Approach: | They perform extensive experiments to assess the degree to which attention weights provide meaningful "explanations" they find that attention weighted inputs are often uncorrelated with gradient-based measures of feature importance . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on a distribution over attended-to input units . the findings show that attention weights are often uncorrelated with features . |
Data-Informed Global Sparseness in Attention Mechanisms for Deep Neural Networks (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Attention pruning techniques have been developed to identify and exploit sparseness . previous work has taken pioneering steps to discover and explain the sparsity in attention patterns . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that observes attention patterns in a fixed dataset and generates a global sparseness mask. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach saves 90% of computations and maintains quality of results. |
Learning to Deceive with Attention-Based Explanations (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Attention mechanisms are ubiquitous components in neural network architectures and are often claimed to confer interpretability. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for training models to produce deceptive attention masks by combining weights assigned to designated impermissible tokens with a weighted sum. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces the weight assigned to designated impermissible tokens while still using them across multiple models and tasks. |